Samvatsari meaning in hindi

In Jainism, **Abhaksh (अभक्ष्य)** means "forbidden articles of food" — items that are prohibited because consuming them involves violence (himsa) toward living beings or harms spiritual purity [1]. The concept is central to the Jain principle of *Ahimsa*, as even abstaining without a formal vow still incurs sin; a vow must be taken to formally renounce these foods [1]. The tradition lists **22 Abhaksyas**, including honey, butter, meat, liquor, ice, hail stones, poison, clay, berry pickles, night eating, dvidal (split pulses), chalit-rasa, many-seeded vegetables, brinjals, trifle fruits, unknown fruits, and pods of various trees like Banyan and Umbara [1]. The rationale is that pure food leads to pure thoughts, while *tamashic* (dulling) and *rajashic* (passion-arousing) foods lead to bad thoughts, diseases, and violence toward living beings [1]. Time limits also apply — for example, confectionery and corn powder become non-eatable after specific durations depending on the season [1].

The **Vandittu Sutra** (वंदित्तु सूत्र) is the 35th sutra in the Jain Pratikraman ritual, and its name literally means "after bowing/obeisancing" (vandittu = वंदन कर के). It is a comprehensive confession and repentance prayer recited by lay followers (shravaks) to acknowledge and repent for various faults committed while observing the twelve vows of Shravakadharma (the layperson's code of conduct) [1][3]. The sutra covers confession of wrongdoings in several categories, including: - Violations related to right faith, knowledge, conduct, austerity, and energy (the fivefold path) - Faults from external possessiveness (wealth, land) and internal possessiveness (passions) - Wrongdoings from the five sense organs, four passions (kashayas), and attachment/aversion - Violations of the five minor vows (anu-vratas), three merit vows (guna-vratas), and four discipline vows (shiksha-vratas) [1][4] The sutra concludes by emphasizing the importance of pratikramana (repentance), bowing to all 24 Tirthankaras, caityas (temples), and sadhus, and asking forgiveness from all living beings with the famous verse: "Khāmemi savva-jīve, savve jīvā khamantu me" (I forgive all living beings, may all living beings forgive me) [1][3]. The purpose is to purify the soul by confessing faults before the guru with repentance, thereby destroying accumulated karmas [3].

The **Uttaradhyayana Sutra** is one of the most important Jain scriptures, often called the "Gita of Jainism" because of its comprehensive teachings on both behavioral and spiritual life [2][3]. It is considered the last precept of Bhagawan Mahavira, and tradition holds that he attained salvation while preaching this very text [2][3]. The scripture is traditionally read and heard on the day of Deepawali, which is celebrated as Mahavira's salvation day [3]. The version we have today, consisting of 36 chapters, was compiled and finalized by Devardhigani Kshamashramana about a thousand years after Mahavira [2]. The Sutra's content covers a wide range of topics. The first four chapters focus on inspiring discipline, self-control, tolerance, and caution in one's behavioral life [2]. It also contains profound spiritual teachings, including a famous dialogue where Gautam Swami asks Lord Mahavir about the fruits of obeisance (vandan). Mahavir replies that the fruits are birth in a noble family, prosperity, and fame [1]. In a more detailed version from the Yog Shastra, the fruits of obeisance are described as loosening the deep bonds of eight karmas, making long-lasting karmas less enduring, weakening intense karmas, and narrowing the range of karmas that cover the soul [1]. The text also explains the four ways of worshiping Jineshwar: Nama (words), Sthapana (picture), Dravya (physical object), and Bhava (feeling) [1].

जम्बूस्वामी जैन धर्म के अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति थे, क्योंकि वे इस समय चक्र के अंतिम केवली (सर्वज्ञ) थे। उनका जन्म 542 ईसा पूर्व में राजगृही में एक धनी व्यापारी परिवार में हुआ था। सोलह वर्ष की आयु में, गणधर सुधर्मा स्वामी का उपदेश सुनकर उन्होंने वैराग्य धारण कर लिया। अपने माता-पिता के आग्रह पर उन्होंने आठ कन्याओं से विवाह तो किया, परंतु विवाह की पहली रात को ही उन्होंने अपनी पत्नियों को आध्यात्मिक उपदेश दिया। उसी रात उनके घर घुसे एक कुख्यात चोर प्रभव ने भी यह उपदेश सुना और वह भी वैरागी हो गया। अगली सुबह जम्बूस्वामी ने सुधर्मा स्वामी से दीक्षा ली, और प्रभव सहित 527 लोग उनके साथ साधु बन गए [3]। जम्बूस्वामी ने सुधर्मा स्वामी के मार्गदर्शन में बारह वर्षों तक सभी आगमों का अध्ययन किया। सुधर्मा स्वामी के केवलज्ञान प्राप्त करने के बाद वे जैन संघ के प्रमुख बने और 44 वर्षों तक इस पद पर रहे। इसके बाद उन्होंने स्वयं केवलज्ञान प्राप्त किया और 80 वर्ष की आयु में निर्वाण को प्राप्त हुए [1]। वे इस समय चक्र के अंतिम केवली माने जाते हैं, जिसके बाद किसी को भी पूर्ण सर्वज्ञता प्राप्त नहीं हुई। उनके जीवन से यह शिक्षा मिलती है कि सांसारिक सुख और भौतिक आकर्षण क्षणिक हैं, और आत्मा की शुद्धि तथा मोक्ष की प्राप्ति ही जीवन का सर्वोच्च लक्ष्य है। जैन धर्म में उनका योगदान अद्वितीय है, क्योंकि अधिकांश मूल जैन शास्त्र (12 अंग आगम) सुधर्मा स्वामी और जम्बूस्वामी के बीच संवाद के रूप में रचे गए हैं [1]।

The phrase you're asking about — "Mama muṇḍāveha, mama pavvāveha, mama vesaṃ samappeha...!" — is not directly covered in the provided knowledge base. However, based on general Jain knowledge, this is a Prakrit line from the **Mahāvīra's initiation (dīkṣā) narrative** in the *Kalpa Sūtra* (and related Jain texts). It translates roughly as: **"Shave my head, initiate me, and give me the mendicant's robes...!"** — it is the request made by Prince Vardhamāna (the future Lord Mahāvīra) to Indra (who appears in disguise) when he renounces the world to become an ascetic. The second part of your quote, **"Savi jiva karu shasanarasi"**, appears to be a garbled or variant rendering of a forgiveness/universal-blessing line. The closest canonical Jain verse in the provided context is the **Kshamavani Sutra** (Universal Forgiveness Prayer): *"Khamemi savve jīvā, savve jīvā khamantu me; mitti me savva-bhūesu, veram majjham na keṇai"* — meaning **"I forgive all living beings; may all living beings forgive me; my friendship is with all beings; I have no enmity with anyone"** [1]. This is the standard Jain prayer of universal forgiveness recited especially during Samvatsari (the last day of Paryushan). So the overall sense of your quote combines the dramatic moment of renunciation with the spirit of universal goodwill and forgiveness toward all living beings.

The Visahara Phulinga (also spelled Visahar Fullinga) mantra is a protective Jain hymn associated with Lord Parshvanatha. The core mantra is: **"Namiuna Pāsa Visahara Vasaha Jina Fulinga"** [1][5]. This is an 18-letter mantra considered effective against all types of pain and affliction, and it is implicit in stanza 18 of the Namiun Sutra [5]. There is also a longer version composed by Acharya Shri Mantung Suri that adds symbolic syllables: **"Om Rhim Shreem Arham Namiuna Pāsa Visahara Vasaha Jina Fuling Rhim Namaha"** [1][5]. In this version, "Om" symbolizes the five supreme entities, "Hrim" the three worlds, "Shrim" spiritual wealth, and "Arham" the worshipful one [5]. The mantra is said to pacify evil planetary effects, disease, epidemics, and acute fever when recited or held in the throat (remembered) [1][2][5].