Abhaksh meaning
In Jainism, Abhaksh (अभक्ष्य) means "forbidden articles of food" — items that are prohibited because consuming them involves violence (himsa) toward living beings or harms spiritual purity [1]. The concept is central to the Jain principle of Ahimsa, as even abstaining without a formal vow still incurs sin; a vow must be taken to formally renounce these foods [1].
The tradition lists 22 Abhaksyas, including honey, butter, meat, liquor, ice, hail stones, poison, clay, berry pickles, night eating, dvidal (split pulses), chalit-rasa, many-seeded vegetables, brinjals, trifle fruits, unknown fruits, and pods of various trees like Banyan and Umbara [1]. The rationale is that pure food leads to pure thoughts, while tamashic (dulling) and rajashic (passion-arousing) foods lead to bad thoughts, diseases, and violence toward living beings [1]. Time limits also apply — for example, confectionery and corn powder become non-eatable after specific durations depending on the season [1].
Sources
Related questions
The **Vandittu Sutra** (वंदित्तु सूत्र) is the 35th sutra in the Jain Pratikraman ritual, and its name literally means "after bowing/obeisancing" (vandittu = वंदन कर के). It is a comprehensive confession and repentance prayer recited by lay followers (shravaks) to acknowledge and repent for various faults committed while observing the twelve vows of Shravakadharma (the layperson's code of conduct) [1][3]. The sutra covers confession of wrongdoings in several categories, including: - Violations related to right faith, knowledge, conduct, austerity, and energy (the fivefold path) - Faults from external possessiveness (wealth, land) and internal possessiveness (passions) - Wrongdoings from the five sense organs, four passions (kashayas), and attachment/aversion - Violations of the five minor vows (anu-vratas), three merit vows (guna-vratas), and four discipline vows (shiksha-vratas) [1][4] The sutra concludes by emphasizing the importance of pratikramana (repentance), bowing to all 24 Tirthankaras, caityas (temples), and sadhus, and asking forgiveness from all living beings with the famous verse: "Khāmemi savva-jīve, savve jīvā khamantu me" (I forgive all living beings, may all living beings forgive me) [1][3]. The purpose is to purify the soul by confessing faults before the guru with repentance, thereby destroying accumulated karmas [3].
संवत्सरी (Samvatsari) का हिंदी अर्थ है "वर्ष का अंतिम दिन" या "संवत्सर" (वर्ष) से संबंधित पर्व। यह जैन धर्म का एक महत्वपूर्ण पर्व है, जो पर्युषण पर्व के अंतिम दिन मनाया जाता है। इस दिन जैन अनुयायी "मिच्छामि दुक्कड़म" कहकर एक-दूसरे से क्षमा मांगते हैं, क्योंकि यह क्षमा और मैत्री का दिन होता है। [2] के अनुसार, संवत्सरी का दिन जैन कैलेंडर (पंचांग) में भादरवा (भाद्रपद) शुक्ल पंचमी को मनाया जाता है, और यह तिथि विभिन्न जैन संप्रदायों (जैसे श्वेतांबर, दिगंबर, स्थानकवासी) में अलग-अलग हो सकती है। [3] संदर्भ में यह भी बताया गया है कि संवत्सरी का संबंध "संवत्सर" (वर्ष) से है, और जैन आगम साहित्य में पाँच प्रकार के संवत्सर बताए गए हैं—नक्षत्र, चंद्र, कर्म (ऋतु), आदित्य और अभिवर्धित संवत्सर। [1] हालांकि, सामान्य बोलचाल में "संवत्सरी" का अर्थ विशेष रूप से क्षमापना पर्व से है, जब जैन लोग वर्ष भर की गलतियों के लिए क्षमा मांगते हैं और सभी प्राणियों से क्षमा याचना करते हैं। यह पर्व आत्मशुद्धि और अहिंसा के सिद्धांतों पर केंद्रित होता है।
The **Uttaradhyayana Sutra** is one of the most important Jain scriptures, often called the "Gita of Jainism" because of its comprehensive teachings on both behavioral and spiritual life [2][3]. It is considered the last precept of Bhagawan Mahavira, and tradition holds that he attained salvation while preaching this very text [2][3]. The scripture is traditionally read and heard on the day of Deepawali, which is celebrated as Mahavira's salvation day [3]. The version we have today, consisting of 36 chapters, was compiled and finalized by Devardhigani Kshamashramana about a thousand years after Mahavira [2]. The Sutra's content covers a wide range of topics. The first four chapters focus on inspiring discipline, self-control, tolerance, and caution in one's behavioral life [2]. It also contains profound spiritual teachings, including a famous dialogue where Gautam Swami asks Lord Mahavir about the fruits of obeisance (vandan). Mahavir replies that the fruits are birth in a noble family, prosperity, and fame [1]. In a more detailed version from the Yog Shastra, the fruits of obeisance are described as loosening the deep bonds of eight karmas, making long-lasting karmas less enduring, weakening intense karmas, and narrowing the range of karmas that cover the soul [1]. The text also explains the four ways of worshiping Jineshwar: Nama (words), Sthapana (picture), Dravya (physical object), and Bhava (feeling) [1].
The phrase you're asking about — "Mama muṇḍāveha, mama pavvāveha, mama vesaṃ samappeha...!" — is not directly covered in the provided knowledge base. However, based on general Jain knowledge, this is a Prakrit line from the **Mahāvīra's initiation (dīkṣā) narrative** in the *Kalpa Sūtra* (and related Jain texts). It translates roughly as: **"Shave my head, initiate me, and give me the mendicant's robes...!"** — it is the request made by Prince Vardhamāna (the future Lord Mahāvīra) to Indra (who appears in disguise) when he renounces the world to become an ascetic. The second part of your quote, **"Savi jiva karu shasanarasi"**, appears to be a garbled or variant rendering of a forgiveness/universal-blessing line. The closest canonical Jain verse in the provided context is the **Kshamavani Sutra** (Universal Forgiveness Prayer): *"Khamemi savve jīvā, savve jīvā khamantu me; mitti me savva-bhūesu, veram majjham na keṇai"* — meaning **"I forgive all living beings; may all living beings forgive me; my friendship is with all beings; I have no enmity with anyone"** [1]. This is the standard Jain prayer of universal forgiveness recited especially during Samvatsari (the last day of Paryushan). So the overall sense of your quote combines the dramatic moment of renunciation with the spirit of universal goodwill and forgiveness toward all living beings.
The Visahara Phulinga (also spelled Visahar Fullinga) mantra is a protective Jain hymn associated with Lord Parshvanatha. The core mantra is: **"Namiuna Pāsa Visahara Vasaha Jina Fulinga"** [1][5]. This is an 18-letter mantra considered effective against all types of pain and affliction, and it is implicit in stanza 18 of the Namiun Sutra [5]. There is also a longer version composed by Acharya Shri Mantung Suri that adds symbolic syllables: **"Om Rhim Shreem Arham Namiuna Pāsa Visahara Vasaha Jina Fuling Rhim Namaha"** [1][5]. In this version, "Om" symbolizes the five supreme entities, "Hrim" the three worlds, "Shrim" spiritual wealth, and "Arham" the worshipful one [5]. The mantra is said to pacify evil planetary effects, disease, epidemics, and acute fever when recited or held in the throat (remembered) [1][2][5].
Based on the provided context, the "Visahara Phulinga" mantra is a hymn dedicated to Lord Pārsva Nātha, who is attended by the deity Pārsva Yaksha. The mantra is believed to eliminate disturbances in the universe and destroy the poison of snakes and cobras. Lord Pārsva Nātha is described as an abode of auspiciousness and prosperity. The context states that a person who always remembers this hymn will be rid of misfortunes, fatal diseases, epidemics, and deadly fevers. Even a simple obeisance offered to Lord Pārsva Nātha is said to result in many good things, and because of these prayers, human beings and animals will not suffer from sickness and poverty. Furthermore, upon attaining right faith as preached by him, which is considered more valuable than the most precious heavenly jewels, living beings can easily attain the place of immortality. The hymn concludes with a prayer to the greatly renowned Lord Parśvanātha to bestow the seeds of attaining perfect knowledge in all future births.