list the tirthankars

According to Jain scriptures, the next (future) set of 24 Tirthankaras will appear in the coming ascending time cycle (Utsarpini Kaal) in Bharat-kshetra. Their names, as listed in the Samvayang Sutra, are: **1. Padma, 2. Surdev, 3. Suparshva, 4. Swamprabh, 5. Sarvathbhoot, 6. Devputra, 7. Kulputra, 8. Udak, 9. Proshthil, 10. Jaykirti, 11. Munisuvrat, 12. Aranath, 13. Apap, 14. Nishkashay, 15. Vipul, 16. Nirmal, 17. Chitragupt, 18. Samadhigupt, 19. Swambhu, 20. Anivriti, 21. Vijay, 22. Vimal, 23. Devpal, and 24. Anantvirya** [1][4]. The first of these, Padma, will be the 16th Kulkar (patriarch) of the future era, with a lifespan of 100 years and a height of 7 arnis (cubits). The last, Anantvirya, will have a lifespan of 1 crore years and a height of 500 dhanush (bows) [4]. Additionally, the scriptures note that these 24 future Tirthankaras had specific previous births, including well-known figures like Shrenik, Vasudeva Krishna, Baldeva Rama, and Devaki [1][2]. It is also mentioned that a separate set of 24 Tirthankaras will appear in the Airavat Varsh region of Jambudweep during the same time cycle [3].

Karma can be categorized in several ways depending on the perspective: **By General Characteristics** Karma is divided into four kinds based on its nature and influence [1]: 1. **Prakriti karma**: The process of blocking virtues such as knowledge (*jnana*), perception (*darshan*), and conduct (*chaaritra*) [1]. 2. **Sthiti karma**: The duration of the bonded karmas' influence [1]. 3. **Anubhaava karma**: The potency or strength of the bonded karmas' fruits [1]. 4. **Pradesh karma**: The collective density and number of acquired karma particles [1]. **By Nature of Bondage (Prakriti Bandha)** These are grouped into two major categories based on whether they obscure the soul's true nature [2, 4]: * **Ghäti (Destructive) Karmas**: These subdue the soul's qualities. They include: * **Jnänävaraniya**: Knowledge obscuring [2, 4]. * **Darshanävaraniya**: Perception obscuring [2, 4]. * **Mohaniya**: Deluding karma (divided into *Darshan Mohaniya* and *Charitra Mohaniya*) [4]. * **Antaräya**: Obstructing karma [2, 4]. * **Aghäti (Non-destructive) Karmas**: These affect the physical body, mind, and environment rather than the soul's innate nature [2, 4]. Specific examples include **Āyuş-karma** (life-span) and **Nāma-karma** (body-type/characteristics) [3].

In the coming ascending time cycle (Utsarpini Kaal), the twenty-four Tirthankaras (Ford-makers) who will be born in the Airavat Varsh of the Jambu continent are: 1. Sumangal 2. Siddharth 3. Nirvana 4. Mahayash 5. Daramdhvaj 6. Shree Chander 7. Pushpaketu 8. Maha Chander Kevli 9. Shrut Sagar 10. Sidharth 11. Puran ghosha 12. Maha Ghosha Kevali 13. Satya Sen 14. Sursen 15. Mahasen 16. Sarvanand 17. Devputra 18. Suparshava 19. Suvart (Arihant) 20. Arihant Sukaushal 21. Anant Vijay 22. Arihant Vimal 23. Arihant Mahabal 24. Arihant Devanand [1]

At present, there are no Tirthankars in our region (Bharat Kshetra) because we are in the 5th Arä [1]. However, there are currently 20 Tirthankars preaching Jainism in the Mahä-Videha regions, with four Tirthankars existing in each of the five Mahä-Videha Kshetras [1, 3, 4]. One of these 20 living Tirthankars is Shri Simandhar Swami [1].

According to Jain cosmology, Tirthankaras are born only in **Arya-kshetra**, which is the southern middle sub-continent of Bharat-kshetra (India). The remaining five sub-continents are known as **Anarya-kshetra** (or Malechchha) [1]. This is a fundamental rule of the cosmic order — the birth of a Tirthankara is restricted to this specific region. The reason is tied to the spiritual and karmic conditions of the land. Arya-kshetra is considered the "Karma-bhumi" where the conditions are suitable for the highest spiritual pursuits, including the attainment of liberation. The other sub-continents, being Anarya-kshetra, are not considered suitable for the appearance of Tirthankaras. Additionally, Tirthankaras can also be born in the **Mahavideh-kshetra**, which has 32 sub-continents (vijays), and currently four Tirthankaras exist there, including Simandhar Swami [1]. So, while Tirthankaras are not born in the other five sub-continents of Bharat-kshetra, they do appear in other parts of the human world (Manushya Lok) where the spiritual conditions are appropriate.

According to Jain cosmology, Tirthankars are born only in **Karmabhoomis**—regions where human beings must work for their livelihood—and specifically within the **Arya-kshetra** (the southern middle sub-continent of Bharat-kshetra, which corresponds to the Indian subcontinent) [2][4]. The universe contains 15 Karmabhoomis: five Bharat Kshetras, five Airavat Kshetras, and five Maha-Videha Kshetras [1][2]. In the Bharat and Airavat regions, human behavior and natural conditions continuously change through time cycles (Utsarpini and Avsarpini), and Tirthankars appear only during the 3rd and 4th eras (Aräs) of each half-cycle [1][2]. Since we are currently in the 5th era of the descending Avsarpini cycle, no Tirthankar exists in our region now [1]. The five Maha-Videha Kshetras are different—conditions there are always conducive, so Tirthankars exist perpetually, with at least 20 (four per region) preaching at present, including Shri Simandhar Swami [1][2]. The 24 Tirthankars of our current Avsarpini cycle were all born in the 3rd and 4th Aräs of Bharat-kshetra (the Indian subcontinent) because that is the only region in this part of the universe where the necessary karmic and environmental conditions align during those specific eras [1]. Additionally, Tirthankars are traditionally born into noble royal families, and the mother sees fourteen auspicious dreams before conception, marking their extraordinary destiny [3].